Foundation

Foundation is on of the structural element , the function of the foundation is to connect the structure with the ground .

Types of foundation : 

1- shallow foundation : 

a) single footing ( isolated ) : the type of footing that is support one column .

b) combined footing : the footing that support two column . And we use this type when the two columns are near from each other .

c) strap footing : type of footing connect two single footing together, we use this type when the column is near to the property line son the column will be at a corner of footing so we use the strap to avoid large moment .
d) raft foundation : this type is used when the load is high and the footing will cover more than 60% of the building area .
e) strip footing : this type of dooting to support wall .

2- Deep foundation :

 this type of foundation is used to transfer the loads to the deep ground's layer .

a) piles foundation
b) shaft foundation
c) caissons
d) cylinders